@article{Croser:58881,
      recid = {58881},
      author = {Croser, Johanna L. and Anderson, Kym},
      title = {Changing contributions of different agricultural policy  instruments to global reductions in trade and welfare},
      address = {2010},
      number = {421-2016-26783},
      pages = {41},
      year = {2010},
      abstract = {Trade negotiators and policy advisors are keen to know the  relative contribution of
different farm policy instruments  to international trade and economic welfare.
Nominal rates  of assistance or producer support estimates are incomplete  indicators,
especially when (especially in developing  countries) some commodities are taxed and
others are  subsidized in which case positive contributions can offset  negative
contributions. This paper develops and estimates a  new set of more-satisfactory
indicators to examine the  relative contribution of different farm policy instruments  to
reductions in agricultural trade and welfare, drawing on  recent literature on trade
restrictiveness indexes and a  recently compiled database on distortions to  agricultural
prices for 75 developing and high-income  countries over the period 1960 to 2004.
Results confirm  earlier findings that border taxes are the dominant  instrument
affecting global trade and welfare, but they  also suggest declines in export taxes
contributed nearly as  much as cuts in import protection to global welfare gains  from
agricultural policy reforms since the 1980s.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/58881},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.58881},
}