The purpose of this work is to analyze, on the way of the theoretical reference of the neo-corporatism, the new institutional paradigm of the sugar cane mill and the new ways of management and political articulation after the sector deregulation. With the end of the state intervention, there is the explanation of the process of the economical and social differences of the sector between and inside of the productive regions North/Northeast and Center/South. The productive segment is divided in two: the ones with capacity for facing new requests and the ones that don’t have that attribute. It is indispensable to recognize that for its own improvement and growth – considering the institutional limits – the need of self-management rules, whose main challenges is to attempter the interest of players of the own productive chain and the others that are connected each other and with society.