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Abstract
Floodplain wetlands are the major common pool natural resource in Bangladesh.
Mostly men fish, and both men and women collect aquatic plants and snails. Case studies
contrast a women-only, men-only, and mixed community based organization (CBO), each
of which manages a seasonal floodplain wetland. The two CBOs in which women hold
key positions are in Hindu communities where more women use aquatic resources, work
for an income, and belong to other local institutions. In the oldest of these CBOs, more
women have gradually become office bearers as their recognition in the community has
grown. In the Muslim community, only a few women collect aquatic resources and in this
community most women do not perceive floodplain natural resource constraints to be
very important to them. These women have no role in the CBO and feel that they have no
say in decisions about the fishery, unlike many women in the other two sites. The fishery
management activities in all three sites are similar and catches and biodiversity appear to
have improved, demonstrating that women can play an effective role in community
organizations for fishery management. Those who are represented in the CBOs reported
significant increases in their participation and influence. Men and women in all three sites
recognized that decision-making and management of their fisheries had improved, but
community support and compliance were higher where both men and women had an
active role in this process. Women had a more diverse set of criteria for effective CBOs
than men. The men-only CBO saw itself as more of a membership based organization
than as representing all of the community.