We examine how greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture (GNF) production affects farm viability and structural change in U.S. agriculture. Using state-level panel data from the U.S. Census of Agriculture and US State Energy Data System (SEDS) for 2012–2022, we estimate fixed-effects models and a competition-based land-allocation system. Greater shares of land devoted to GNF are associated with increases in total and average farm size, and declines in farm numbers, indicating land reallocation rather than farm entry. Higher productivity and government support increase GNF adoption, while higher productivity in the other sector reduces it. Non-GNF production is sensitive to temperature variation, whereas GNF is not, highlighting its role as a climate-resilient production system.
