This article aims to analyze the performance of the sugarcane and energy sector in the Northeast region of Brazil, using the theoretical framework and tools developed over the eight harvests in which the Continuing Education Program in Economics and Business Management (PECEGE) has conducted cost analysis, up to the present moment. During the analyzed period, variations in costs and efficiency were observed, with changes in product prices in real terms and in the economic margins of the companies. In addition to the evolution, since the 2007/08 harvest, scenarios and projections have been developed to understand the sector's behavior in the coming harvests in the region. From these, it is noted that unfavorable macroeconomic components bring difficulties to the management of the mills, which need to demonstrate greater efficiency to overcome the difficulties identified for the next harvests.
