This work results from municipal elections' analysis in 1995 and 2001 within 6 rural communes in South France. This has been the subject of a longitudinal unceasing observation for almost 30 years. The selection system of «eligibles» keeps its relevance in spite of increasing evolutions. The new rural population contributes to the progressive collapse of agricultural positions. Whereas town councils are opened more and more to new classes of residents, the establishing criterion be still present especially for the mayor's job. It is the same for the age criterion for all the increasing election of pensioner mayors. Town councils make the access easier and easier for women but, even if the exclusion time is over, we are still faraway from the parity. The community "live-together" tends to force back political rifts. These political rifts proceed through structural opposition systems which lost and make the originality local. It is during municipal elections that the competition organizes itself around local stakes being still linked to overall public policies. Therefore for example, the intercommunality starts to emerge as a stake. Moreover, this intercommunality is made commonplace and appropriate as a control intercommunality purely pragmatic and willing to confront the local identity.
