There has long been evidence of the influence of land distribution upon agricultural performance. However, the lack of secure ownership is expected to influence the farmer's decisions regarding the investment and the production techniques he may undertake. The objective of this paper is to highlight the impact of the land frontier on land access and land distribution in Thailand. The extent to which the land law deficiencies jeopardize the rice productivity improvement is then investigated. The rice sector was chosen because Thai agriculture has long been dominated by rice farming.