Agriculture is the activity that allowed the settlement of nomadic people and contributed decisively to the development of civilization. Currently the field has a substantial participation in the development and flow of resources between the countryside and the city. The families settled in the countryside acquire and transmit their knowledge thanks to their empirical experiences and undertake different strategies of development management. In Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil, agriculture and peasants face environmental adversities such as irregular rainfall and drought. To mitigate the impact of these conditions, farmers implement different strategies of sustainable development, taking into account their environmental, economic, political, social and cultural dimensions. The objective of this study was to understand the conditions of peasant education and the importance of traditional knowledge in the strengthening of identity, which could contribute to guarantee the permanence of young people in the countryside, ensure agricultural production and the conservation of rural areas in Fortaleza. An exploratory descriptive study was carried out, particularly in relation to questions of land management and traditional peasant knowledge. It is concluded that there is a need to recognize the importance of traditional peasant education and knowledge. Education is a defining factor for the improvement of the quality of life of rural inhabitants.
