Efectividad in vitro e in situ de fungicidas químicos y biológicos en el control de fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Gladioli y uromyces transversalis en gladiola

The in vitro and in situ effectiveness of ProclorazTiofanato-methylic synthetic fungicides and MetalaxilClorotalonil, as well as biological ones (Trichoderma spp., and Bacillus subtilis), on control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli (Fog) and Uromyces transversalis in gladiola, was evaluated. For in vitro three assays were carried out: cellophane test, dual cultivation and fungicide test. An in situ assessment with five treatments: two synthetic fungicides, two biological and one control, with an experimental unit of four furrows, 0.8 m wide by 7 m long. The variables: plant height, incidence, severity and yield. The data from each bioassay underwent variance analysis and Tukey test. In vitro, of the biological products, strain 8 of Trichoderma asperellum inhibited the Fog mycelium with antagonism class two in 60.6%, and Bacillus subtilis was not effective; of the chemicals, the mixture of ProclorazTiofanato-methylic in 98.3%. In situ, the incidence and severity of U. transversalis was null where the products were applied. In Fog, the ProclorazTiofanato-methylic mixture reduced the severity in 47% and T. asperellum in 30.9%. In this area, where the incidence and severity of Fog is high, there is a synthetic product that is good and it is required to continue searching for effective native strains.