This geographical study about High-Languedoc, based on large scales of investigation (district, farming concern, parcel), shows the ambiguity of fallow lands, because of their possible functions and their transitory character. The study insists on the existence of simultaneous trends of decline and recovering in agriculture. The long duration took by the phenomenon - still working - of extinction of farming concerns without anyone to take them over, like the diversity and the internal fragilities of the opposite dynamics (concerning AOC viticulture, or "extensive" cattle breeding), also the intervention of many non-agricultural social actors, complicate the prospective approaches of land-uses and evolution of the rural landscapes.
