@article{McKay:348545, recid = {348545}, author = {McKay, A. W. and Stevens, W. Mackenzie}, title = {Operating Methods and Expense of Cooperative Citrus-Fruit Marketing Agencies}, address = {1924-07}, number = {1485-2024-1519}, series = {Department Bulletin No. 1261}, pages = {40}, year = {1924}, note = {Contents: Organization of the Exchange System --- Harvesting Operations and Expense --- Packing-House Operation – Management – Special Operating Problems (Careful Handling – Standardized Grades – Pools and Payments to Growers) – Regular Packing-House Operations (Grading, Sizing, and Packing Oranges – Grading and Packing Lemons – Loading Orange and Lemon Shipments – Packing-House Labor) – Packing-House Expense (Average Expense – Increases in Expense – Variations in Expense) – Growers’ Receipts – Expense of Distribution (District Exchange Expense – Expense of the Central Exchange – Expense of Transportation – Wholesale and Retail Margins).}, abstract = {Excerpt: Citrus-fruit growers of California have been marketing their fruit cooperatively for over 30 years. The stability of the cooperative associations that form the California Fruit Growers Exchange and the success with which they have solved various complex marketing problems make a study of the federation of more than usual value. The organization and development of the exchange have been described in an earlier bulletin. This bulletin describes the operating methods of the local associations and discusses the factors which enter into the expense connected with the preparation of citrus fruit for market. Other marketing costs are treated briefly.}, url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/348545}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.348545}, }