Objective: To revise and describe the importance of nanoparticles in veterinary sciences to improve the health and welfare of animals. Design/methodology/approach: The use of nanoparticles in veterinary sciences has the aim of using the unique properties of these structures at the nanometer level in order to solve medical and therapeutic problems in the field of veterinary medicine. Limitations on study/implications: Although the nanoparticles have great potential in veterinary medicine, they also have certain limitations that must be considered in their application, among which the following stand out: bioavailability, distribution, toxicity, immunologic interactions, and costs. Conclusions: The field of veterinary medicine is in constant evolution, which is why nanoparticles have become a cutting-age tool with transforming potential. Their application in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases offers ways to improve animal health and welfare. The continuous search for solid research and solutions to overcome the limitations will allow taking advantage of all the potential of these technologies.