Objective: The purpose of the present study is to highlight the importance of assessing bioremediation and total petroleum hydrocarbon removal by bioaugmentation and biostimulation on the rhizosphere. Design/methodology/approach: An 89-day experiment was established with treatments considering plant (corn) establishment crude petroleum (25,000 mg kg1) bacteria and hydrocarbonoclastic fungi adding nitrogen and phosphorus to agricultural soil. At the end of the experiment, hydrocarbonoclastic fungal and bacterial populations and total petroleum hydrocarbon removal were assessed. Results: Both microbial groups increased in number and time. The treatment with 120 kg nitrogen ha1and 12.5 kg phosphorus ha1 allowed the highest population (227103 g1 of colony forming units (CFU) of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria). A total of 83% petroleum hydrocarbon removal was obtained as established in 89 days. Limitations on study/implications: The effectiveness of bioremediation can vary significantly in real environments due to factors, such as soil variability, climate. Findings/conclusions: The previous results highlight the importance of using these bioremediation techniques to eliminate hydrocarbons in contaminated agricultural soils.