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Abstract
The article refers to the approach to studying factor and productivity relations recognized in agricultural economics. They were defined analytically, in a new way, starting from the production function. These relations were analyzed for EU countries implicitly for different economic levels. The aim was to show that the regularities related to these relations are confirmed in the current stage of economic development of EU countries and are still a useful tool in the cognitive process. In addition, they explain the basis of the current differences occurring in agriculture of EU countries, especially the so-called old and new ones. RER data were used for this purpose, thus indicating their usefulness for analyses.