With the rapid development of China’s social economy and the acceleration of urbanization, a large quantity of production and domestic sewage is discharged into rivers and lakes, and the concentration of pollutants leads to serious excessive heavy metals in sediment, which affects the ecological environment. In this paper, the treatment technology of heavy metal pollution in sediment and its resource utilization in building ceramics in China are systematically analyzed and summarized, in order to provide a reference for the treatment of sediment in rivers and lakes and the sustainable development of building ceramics industry.