[Objectives] To analyze the change of urban habitat quality in different periods and study the influence of land use change on habitat quality, which plays an important role in regional sustainable development. [Methods] Taking Kunming as an example, based on land use change, InVEST model was used to evaluate the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of habitat quality. [Results] During 2000—2020, cultivated land, grassland and woodland in Kunming decreased by 277.43, 324.99 and 141.72 km2, respectively; land use transfer presented obvious stage characteristics, with cultivated land, grassland and woodland changing into construction land as the main characteristics during 2005—2010, and 2015—2020. The average value of habitat quality index in Kunming decreased from 0.311 9 to 0.302 2, showing a downward trend as a whole; the spatial distribution pattern of habitat quality was "low in the middle and high around" (the high value areas of habitat quality are mainly distributed around Kunming, while the low value areas are mainly distributed in the urban aggregation areas of Kunming). [Conclusions] This study can provide theoretical support for future land use planning.