The project of returning farmland to forest has been implemented and consolidated in Henan Province for 20 years. At present, it is in a critical transition period when the previous round of project of returning farmland to forests has completed and a new round of project of returning farmland to forests has started. Henan Province took counties (cities) with different representations as sample counties for monitoring the benefits of project of returning farmland to forests (key monitoring areas in Henan Province), and monitored social and ecological benefits every year, and has obtained real and scientific monitoring data.