[Objectives] To study the temporal and spatial variation of soil organic carbon content in cultivated land in black soil region in Liaoning Province. [Methods] Through the evaluation and analysis of the research data of this project and the data of the second national soil census, and using GIS technology, this paper studied the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil organic carbon in the black soil region of Liaoning Province, and provided a basis for improving cultivated land carbon storage and soil organic matter content. [Results] Since 1980, the soil organic carbon content in cultivated land in the black soil region in Liaoning Province has generally declined, and the spatial distribution difference has gradually decreased. From 1980 to 2018, the homogeneity of soil organic carbon distribution weakened, and the variation in a small range strengthened. The soil organic carbon content generally showed the characteristics of increase and decrease, and the changes in the area were scattered. [Conclusions] This study is of great significance to the sustainable utilization of land resources.