@article{Konguka:334618,
      recid = {334618},
      author = {Konguka, George Odhiambo and Ayugi, Samson Okoth},
      title = {FORMALIZATION OF MINING RIGHTS IN THE EAST AFRICAN  COMMUNITY; CADASTRE PERSPECTIVE ON ARTISANAL MINING RIGHTS},
      journal = {African Journal of Land Policy and Geospatial Sciences},
      address = {2022-11-01},
      number = {2367-2023-1104},
      month = {Nov},
      year = {2022},
      abstract = {Artisanal mining has long been integral part of livelihood  structure and economic systems of certain rural  communities. Artisanal mining operates informally in  developing countries coupled with social, environmental,  and economic challenges. Formalization of artisanal mining  is being adopted in many countries in order to tackle the  challenges of artisanal mining. Formalization entails  enactment of legislations for recognition of artisanal  mining, creation of mining rights cadastre and granting of  mining titles. Formalization of artisanal mining has been  embraced in East African community countries of Burundi,  Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Uganda and Tanzania. These  countries are enacting laws and developing mining and  minerals cadastral systems. However, access to seasonal  resources like the sub-surface artisanal mining rights are  regulated by customary tenure arrangements.  Moreover, the  artisanal miners are sometimes migrants, the rights are  seasonal and the mining area boundaries not easily  identifiable. This paper examines how legislations in East  African Community countries provide for the formalization  of artisanal mining operations. The objective of this  article is to compare artisanal mining formalization in the  East African Community countries through legislations and  development of the mining cadastre. The article compares  how different countries specify entities of artisanal  mining rights for the inclusion in the mining cadastral  system. The methodological approach adopted for this  article was comparative review of legislations, theoretical  and empirical literature from the six East African  Community countries. Four countries; Burundi, Kenya, South  Sudan and Uganda directly legislate artisanal mining and  grant artisanal mining titles. Artisanal mining titles are  reserved for citizens and are transferable.  Only South  Sudan specify artisanal mining cadastral unit. Therefore  identification of cadastral unit remains a puzzle in  artisanal mining registration. However, all the mining  legislations do not provide for initial adjudication of  artisanal mining rights for registration.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/334618},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.334618},
}