@article{Kerkelä:331015,
      recid = {331015},
      author = {Kerkelä, Leena and Niemi, Janne},
      title = {Trade Policy, Factor Markets and Social Structures in  Africa},
      address = {2002},
      pages = {20},
      year = {2002},
      note = {Presented at the 5th Annual Conference on Global Economic  Analysis, Taipei, Taiwan},
      abstract = {Different reciprocal and non-reciprocal trade arrangements  are under evaluation for African countries, including  regional trade arrangements (SADC) and EU’s initiatives  ("Everything but Arms", Cotonou agreement). In this paper  we present simulations with GTAP5 database of these  interacting trade policy shocks for SADC countries. A  detailed regional disaggregation makes it possible to  formulate case studies for a range of countries when  adverse impacts are an outcome of symmetric shocks or  asymmetric shocks produce different impacts for different  countries. As an asymmetric shock we formulate the EBA  initiative, which treats LDC countries more favorably  compared to the GSP treatment. In this paper the main  results are presented and the basis for deeper analysis on  the transmission of trade policy to the capacity building  level are laid out. In the ex-post analysis we assume that  the description of economies in GTAP 5 database and model  are a starting point for the analysis when country specific  observations on imperfections in the market are necessary  to get a picture of how the social structures are  conditioned the outcome and how they are affected by the  structural changes due to the trade policy reforms.  Additionally, the GTAP database has been improved regarding  preferential treatment imposed by e.g. GSP system and, for  countries included in Lomé Convention, by European Union.  For this purpose, we use tariff data obtained from the  TRAINS database. The economy wide effects seem to be  negative for many African economies in scenarios  representing free trade area between EU and SADC and  different changes in EU's protection policy. The pure free  trade area between SADC countries turns out to generate  negative welfare effects for some of the participating  countries. Effects are mainly due to strong model specific  terms of trade effects but resource allocation varies also  between countries.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/331015},
}