The study focuses on the impacts of El Nino-induced abnormal weather on agricultural production and the rural economy in upland areas. By focusing on the development of upland agriculture, this study attempts to contribute to the global campaign of sustainable development and poverty alleviation in rural areas. It focuses on five countries, namely: Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and Thailand. These five countries, all located in the most El Nino vulnerable area of south east Asia and the Pacific, are sufficient for analyzing the impacts.
