The aim of the research was to measure the efficiency of agricultural activities in European Union countries with the use of various measures of efficiency. The analysis covered the years 2009-2019. The calculated efficiency was relative and the starting material for its estimation were aggregated Färe-Primont productivity indices. Based on the maximum possible level of productivity in a given period, the level of relative efficiency of TFPE was estimated. The analysed countries were grouped, on the basis of this efficiency, into four groups differentiated in terms of level. Then, the TFPE index was decomposed into several separate measures of efficiency, which were further analysed. The analysis showed that there are differences in the level of efficiency between individual countries. It has been shown that agriculture in European Union countries can be considered technically efficient. The efficiency of scale is also high. The greatest variation between countries is in the case of residual efficiency.