@article{Hirsch:313044,
      recid = {313044},
      author = {Hirsch, Donald E.       },
      title = {Ship Chartering Alternatives for Grain-Exporting  Cooperatives},
      address = {1981-02},
      number = {1502-2021-2282},
      series = {ACS Research Report No. 2},
      pages = {57},
      year = {1981},
      abstract = {Sellers, including some farmer cooperatives, chartered  vessels for shipping overseas nearly half of the U.S. grain  exported in 1978.  Chartering (leasing) offers  opportunities for substantial increases in net gains,  resulting from greater net margins on shipping and deeper  penetration into the grain export marketing process, but  also involves the risk of substantial losses.  Most grain  cooperatives do not have the volume, expertise, facilities,  capital, and operating flexibility essential for successful  chartering.  This report recommends a course of action that  would increase cooperatives' chartering capabilities and  enhance their competitive position in the international  grain trade.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/313044},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.313044},
}