@article{Gray:313042,
      recid = {313042},
      author = {Gray, Thomas W.},
      title = {Organizational Charting for Member Control in  Cooperatives:  Toward an Assessment Tool},
      address = {2020-09},
      number = {1502-2021-2280},
      series = {RB-CS Research Report No. 235  },
      pages = {22},
      year = {2020},
      abstract = {A fundamental aspect of cooperative organizations is  “member control” or member governance of the organization.   Member control is facilitated through a series of member  offices, elections to those offices, and organizational  bylaws.  When challenges to the legitimacy of cooperative  organization occurs, those challenges often revolve around  questions of member control.  Do members actually control  the cooperative?  Our current era is of no exception given  a context of acquisitions, mergers, and joint ventures in  the cooperative community.  This report presents a series  of membership charts, from simple to complex, demonstrating  various ways to depict a membership structure, with the  explicit highlighting of mechanisms for member control.   The report begins with simple depictions of  macro-membership structures, e.g. local, centralized and  federated.  It culminates with a “containment” method that  is able to illustrate appointed and elected positions,  positions with and without decision-making authority, a  basis of representation in geographic districts, flows and  levels of authority, and whether authority is contained by  the membership or outside of members’ control and  oversight.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/313042},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.313042},
}