@article{Reynolds:313029,
      recid = {313029},
      author = {Reynolds, Bruce J. and Spatz, Karen J.},
      title = {International Business Arrangements Used by Cooperatives},
      address = {1991-10},
      number = {1502-2021-2267},
      series = {ACS Research Report No. 100},
      pages = {22},
      year = {1991},
      abstract = {U.S. farmer cooperatives have established various  organizational and contractual arrangements with foreign  firms to expand their global marketing capabilities.   However, unlike many U.S. food processing firms,  cooperatives have minimal involvement with foreign direct  investment (FDI).  The comparatively small involvement of  cooperatives with FDI is related to their distinctive  requirements for member control and performance monitoring.   As alternatives to FDI strategies for global marketing,  cooperatives have established several types of alliances  with foreign firms.  These arrangements are often referred  to as coventures, franchise partners, or strategic  alliances.  Various contractual arrangements, including  intellectual property licensing, make it possible for many  cooperatives to accomplish effective branded products  distribution in major foreign markets.  Some cooperatives  have also developed significant networks of foreign sales  agents and have established effective working relationships  with these agents.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/313029},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.313029},
}