A recent ERS study estimated the economic impacts if 90 percent of infants participating in WIC in 2016 were breastfed for 12 months and received no infant formula. Under this scenario, mothers would stay in the program longer and annual WIC costs would rise by $252.4 million. These higher program costs would be partially offset by lower Federal Medicaid costs. WIC households and their health insurance providers would also realize health-related cost savings.