@article{Norman:295521,
      recid = {295521},
      author = {Norman, D and Modiakgotla, E},
      title = {ENSURING FARMER INPUT INTO THE RESEARCH PROCESS WITHIN AN  INSTITUTIONAL SETTING: THE CASE OF SEMI-ARID BOTSWANA},
      address = {1990-06},
      number = {2291-2019-4424},
      series = {16},
      pages = {40},
      year = {1990},
      abstract = {This paper addresses issues of institutionalising  participatory approaches to research. Experience in  Botswana has led to careful consideration of the roles of  different types of trial and the distinction between  experimental and nonexperimental variables in each.  Examples from Botswana distinguish between "high leverage"  interventions which address critical constraints in the  farming system but whose implementation may require major  changes in farmer practice, and "low" or "non-leverage"  interventions which have restricted impact but are easier  to implement. Requests to test the latter arise from  on-station research, whereas a principal objective of  on-farm research is to seek solutions to the former. The  paper also describes institutional changes designed to  enhance the accountability and credibility of research, and  to enhance the speed and accuracy of technology  recommendations which are essential to the  institutionalisation of participatory approaches.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/295521},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.295521},
}