The purpose of this study is to analyze how plant genetic resources are conserved and protected, and to suggest ways of conserving and protecting these resources for their sustainable use. For the systematic conservation and protection of indigenous resources, the following measures are suggested: First, a united management system should be introduced for the systematic conservation of genetic resources, in which management agencies completely share the information and data, and the whole process such as investigation, prospecting, evaluation and conservation is promoted and planned by a coordination agency. Second, the scope of plant genetic resources collection and conservation should be expanded with an aim to collect information on all species of indigenous genetic resources. Third, in order to protect our right to genetic resources, the access and benefit shares (ABS) agreement should be signed.