Folk custom is specific embodiment of regional economy, society and culture, which has certain impact on targeted poverty alleviation work. Under the background, by analyzing logical relationship between folk custom and targeted poverty alleviation, and combining actual work experience, its impact on targeted poverty alleviation work is summarized. Analysis results show that folk custom has an active role in poverty alleviation through education, tourism and industry, and could obstruct poverty returning to certain degree. But its dross part brings stubborn conservatism, which hinders progress of regional thinking, reduces the effect of poverty alleviation, affects local people's behavior choice, and also obstructs popularization of poverty alleviation projects. Therefore, it needs conducting necessary guide and management of folk custom in targeted poverty alleviation work, changing existing habits and customs, developing advantages and avoiding disadvantages, which could improve the accuracy of poverty alleviation, and better achieve the goal of poverty alleviation.