Through analyzing the harvested area, yield and total production of natural rubber and the exports of dry rubber, the situation of rubber cultivation in Indonesia was studied, and the development prospects of natural rubber in Indonesia were explored. The results showed that the harvested area of natural rubber in Indonesia showed a wave-like rise from 1980 to 2016. The area harvested in 2000 was increased by 47.06% compared with that in 1980, and the area harvested in 2016 was increased by 6.43% compared with that in 2008. The yield of natural rubber in Indonesia showed a dynamic trend from 1980 to 2016. It reached the maximum (993 kg/ha) in 2007 and reached the minimum (575 kg/ha) in 1982. The total production of natural rubber in Indonesia showed a wave-like rise during 1980-2016. The total production of natural rubber in 2000 was increased by 47.06% compared with that in 1980, and the total production of natural rubber in 2016 was increased by 110.67% compared with that in 2000. The export volume of dry natural rubber in Indonesia basically showed a concussive rise from 1980 to 2016. The proportion of export volume in the total production in 2016 declined by 14.75% compared with that in 1980. It is believed that the harvested area of natural rubber in Indonesia will be near the peak in the next few years, and it is difficult to increase the output; the proportion of exported natural rubber in the total production will decline slowly; and the potential for natural rubber development is large.