For the purpose of study, based on the data provided by the United Nations Comtrade Database in 2006-2016, and using the trade competitive advantage index, trade intensity index and trade complementarity index, this paper made an empirical analysis on the development of agricultural trade between China and four South Asian countries. The results show that the scale of agricultural trade between China and the four South Asian countries was further expanded, but the growth rate was stable and the trade share declined, but the development potential of both sides has not been fully explored. Generally, China's agricultural products remain at a relatively disadvantaged position. Trade competitiveness and complementarity coexist. There is a large development potential and cooperation space for agricultural products trade between China and four South Asian countries.