In this paper we shortly present the theory of ecological modernisation and its relation to the concept of rural development. We try to establish whether those two concepts are compatible and whether they benefit from each other. Our findings show that rural development benefits from ecological modernisation, and we point out some areas of rural experience which could bring more work and life quality to rural communities through ecological modernising. Instead of offering a definite conclusion, we raise several questions in order to inspire some future research and reflections on the interplay between rural development and ecological modernisation.