A modified shift-share analysis'for 1975-80 indicated that (1) 122,000 total net manufacturing jobs were lost to foreign trade; (2) automation accounted for about 1.8 million job losses; (3) apparel, leather, and motor vehicle industries lost many jobs to foreign trade; (4) the Great Lakes region lost many jobs to the South Atlantic, Southwest, and Far West regions; and (5) gains in nonmetropolitan areas were mainly in low-growth industries.