In this paper we will attempt an analysis of some of the economic questions that emerge because of variable environments genotype environment interactions and the selection and crossing options open to the crop-breeder. In the first section of the paper we will discuss the concepts of stability and adaptability as they relate to the problem. The second section of the paper then presents a model of optimal targeting of crop-breeding activities. The final section offers some empirical evidence regarding stability and adaptability in wheat genotypes.