This paper analyzes the heterogeneous impacts of exchange rate volatility on Chinese food exporters. Previous researches that employed country or sector-level aggregated data has yielded controversy conclusions in estimating effects of exchange rate uncertainty on agricultural trade. In this paper, we construct highly disaggregated Chinese food firm-level census data with destination-specific export data from 2000 to 2013 (215,783 sample firms), to discuss the influence based on firm-level characters. In general, this empirical research illustrates that the exchange rate fluctuation has significant negative effects on both trade prices and volumes. More importantly, we find that different firm-level characters (performance and scale) may reinforce or weaken the impact of this volatility on each firm. And this result is robust to different measures and econometric specifications. Acknowledgement : The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC-71273233, 71333011), the Major Program of the Key Research Institute of Chinese Ministry of Education (No. 15JJD790032).