In this paper we describe the current situation of the Slovak agriculture in the transformation period and analyse the factors that influenced the development of agricultural sector. The Slovak agriculture is after the first stage of the agricultural transformation which was characterised by lower demand for food-stuffs, creation of new business structure and recovery of owners relations to land and agricultural property. The performance of agricultural sector measured by gross agricultural output and value added has been improving since about 1995. The income situation of agricultural sector has also been improving. It is owing to price increases and adjustments of economic instruments. The Slovak foreign trade with agro-food products shows increasing deficit which is the reflection of economic transformation not only in agriculture but also in the food processing industry.