: In this essay based on the example of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute in Puławy it has been shown that agricultural science constitutes a significant support for the development of the bioeconomy. The results of research are being introduced into practice through the consultative and advisory services. The Institute operates under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. It carries out research dedicated to agricultural environmental planning and plant production technology. The main directions of the research are convergent with the strategic areas of bioeconomy. However, it is vital to improve the effectiveness of the transfer of the results of the agricultural research into practice realizing the idea of the development of bioeconomy. What is also important, is undertaking new research determined by the needs of bioeconomy, simultaneously increasing the innovative and competitive aspects of agri-food sector in Poland.