Knowledge, science, technology and innovations have emerged as predominant factors of production in the 21st century. As such, global economies have joined the race to produce knowledge through investments, regulatory frameworks and macro-economic policies that favour research and innovation. Higher education stands out as a key antecedent of knowledge. Within Africa, from issues of limitations and restrictions to access, higher education service provision has been diversified; the number of Universities increased and enrolments have soared amidst funding and quality challenges. This study of six countries shows how African higher education system are striving to cope with the new context of knowledge production, over and above the traditional role of producing skilled labour. National governments have come up with initiatives and policy documentation that will ensure that Africa can fit within the knowledge economy dispensation. The study affirms that beyond the policy documents, African governments have to fully engage in the business of knowledge production if they are to remain relevant in this competitive global space.