@article{Gray:256471,
      recid = {256471},
      author = {Gray, D. J. and Dhekney, S. A. and Li, Z. T. and  Zimmerman, T. W.},
      title = {Green Genetic Engineering Technology: The Use of  Endogenous Genes to Create Fungal Disease-Resistant  Grapevines},
      address = {2008-07-13},
      number = {1875-2017-357},
      pages = {8},
      year = {2008},
      abstract = {Use of genetic engineering technology to add disease  resistance to otherwise desirable varieties is an  attractive approach to establishing a Vitis vinifera  L.-based agriculture in the Caribbean. Endogenous genes  isolated directly from grapevine were engineered for  enhanced expression and transformed into V. vinifera  'Merlot', 'Shiraz' and 'Thompson Seedless', plus Vitis  hybrid 'Seyval Blanc'. Transgenic plant lines were selected  via greenhouse screening based on resistance to powdery  mildew. Outstanding lines were vegetatively propagated and  established, along with non-transgenic controls, into USDA  APHIS-approved field test sites at UVI St. Croix and  UF/IFAS Florida in 2007. Vines grew rapidly and began to  fruit in 2008. Based on preliminary results, certain  transgenic lines exhibited significant resistance to black  rot and anthracnose diseases compared to non-transgenic  control lines. Because these are three of the most serious  tropical/subtropical fungal diseases of V. vinifera,  availability of resistant lines will provide new  opportunities for production in the region. Our adaptation  of endogenous genes to modulate disease resistance is a  first step in creating "green transgenic plants" that  contain only genetic elements from grapevine, thus  eliminating concerns about incorporation of foreign genes  in GMOs.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/256471},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.256471},
}