Panel data of rape input and output in 14 rape production provinces of China during 2006-2013 were measured by data envelopment analysis (DEA). According to the measurement results, average scores of technology efficiency in Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Zhejiang and Chongqing were all 1, while average scores of Anhui, Qinghai, Yunnan, Gansu and Shaanxi were lower, which ranked latter in the 14 provinces. To further study the reason for lower pure technology efficiency in the 5 provinces, relaxation amount and relaxation degree of factor input in the year when its pure technology efficiency was not 1 were collected, thereby obtaining surplus situation of factor input in rape production of the 5 provinces. Moreover, the phenomenon that redundancy degree of farm manure surpassed that of chemical fertilizer, and material cost per mu was excess largely in the 5 provinces was explained, and some suggestions were proposed.