@article{Zimmerhackel:243921,
      recid = {243921},
      author = {Zimmerhackel, Johanna S and Pannell, David J and Meekan,  Mark and Kragt, Marit E and Rogers, Abbie},
      title = {Diving Tourism and Fisheries in Marine Protected Areas:  Market Values and New Approaches to Improve Compliance in  the Maldives Shark Sanctuary},
      address = {2016-08-04},
      number = {1784-2016-141900},
      series = {Working papers},
      month = {Aug},
      year = {2016},
      note = {This working paper describes Ms. Zimmerhackel’s proposal  for PhD research
at the School of Agricultural and Resource  Economics, University of Western Australia. At the time of  writing, the research has not yet been conducted.},
      abstract = {Marine protected areas are probably the most prevailing  instruments available to reduce the over-exploitation of  marine resources. However, economic incentives and a lack  of acceptance of regulations of fishers can lead to illegal  fishing activities, causing further over-exploitation with  negative consequences for livelihood and food security of  communities. There are indications that in some places,  dive operators reduce incentives for illegal fishing  through contributing to the economic development of the  area, surveillance activities and social programs. This  project aims at exploring the relationship between the  diving tourism industry and illegal shark fisheries in the  shark sanctuary of the Maldives in order to understand the  capacities and incentives of diving tourism to improve  fishers’ compliance. I will use survey techniques to  determine the financial revenue of the shark diving  industry and examine the historical development of its  socio-economic importance. Surveys will also explore  whether illegal fishing activities influence the trip  demand of tourists and analyse what different circumstances  are most likely to motivate dive operators to address  illegal fishing through certain actions. Finally, I will  use a Bayesian Network model to investigate what effects  dive operators’ actions have on fishers’ compliance, the  condition of shark populations and ultimately the number of  tourists visiting the area. Results can help to diminish  user conflicts and improve compliance of fishers in the  Maldives. Hence, this project can contribute to the  conservation of shark populations with positive outcomes  for the local economy, community and marine ecosystems. My  findings can be applied to other places that face similar  problems like the shark sanctuary in the Maldives.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/243921},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.243921},
}