@article{Dovring:243896,
      recid = {243896},
      author = {Dovring, Folke and McDowell, Donald R.},
      title = {Energy Used for Fertilizers},
      address = {1980-02},
      number = {1632-2016-135042},
      series = {Staff Paper},
      pages = {33},
      year = {1980},
      abstract = {Energy used for fertilizers was estimated as the total of  energy used directly in fertilizer factories and that used  indirectly through the "backward linkages" in other  industries, both those supplying fuels and electricity and  those supplying other inputs to the fertilizer factories,  and including energy use by and for the marketing· of  fertilizers. Direct energy data were borrowed from a.1978  survey by ~he Fertilizer Institute, and indirect energy  figures were computed on the basis .of an input-output  study for 1967 from the University of Illinois Energy  Research Group combined with other economic and energy  statistics.  The results show average energy consumption  for nitrogen fertilizers of 38,000 Btu per pound of N, for  phosphate fertilizers of 12,500 Btu per pound of P2o5, and  for potash fertilizers of 4,500 Btu per pound of K20. For  nitrogen, the comprehensive· estimate exceeds direct energy  consumption per unit of nutrient by about one-third, while  for phosphate and potash indirect energy consumption is  larger than direct energy consumption. Because of the  method of estimation, the estimates a.re likely to be on  the low side and should remain usable in the near future.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/243896},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.243896},
}