@article{Maeda:242295,
      recid = {242295},
      author = {Maeda, Koshi},
      title = {Imperfect Competition and Its Tariff Equivalent in  International Agricultural Markets},
      journal = {Journal of Rural Economics},
      address = {2013-09},
      number = {359-2016-18456},
      pages = {6},
      year = {2013},
      abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to show that theoretical and  empirical studies of agricultural trade should be conducted  under the precondition that international markets are  imperfectly competitive. The degree of imperfect  competition in international wheat markets is calibrated as  tariff equivalent. The results of the theoretical analysis  showed that an erroneous assumption of perfect competition  overestimated the effect of trade liberalization, while an  increase in the degree of imperfect competition in  international markets offset the benefit of trade  liberalization. In addition, the results of the  quantitative analysis showed that the present international  wheat markets were imperfectly competitive, and the degree  of imperfect competition had increased since the  implementation of the Uruguay Round agricultural  agreements.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/242295},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.242295},
}