@article{Kawasaki:242126,
      recid = {242126},
      author = {Kawasaki, Kentaro},
      title = {The Impact of Land Fragmentation on Rice Production Cost  and Input Use},
      journal = {Japanese Journal of Rural Economics},
      address = {2011},
      number = {360-2016-18610},
      pages = {14},
      year = {2011},
      abstract = {This article estimated the impacts of land fragmentation  on production costs and input demands using panel data of  Japanese rice farms. Empirical results reveal that  fragmentation increases production costs and offsets  economies of size, and that these impacts are strong  especially for large size farms. This result implies that  as the farm gets larger, emphasis should be switched from  increasing size to the settlement of fragmentation, in  order to enhance efficiency. Moreover, it was demonstrated  that fragmentation increases not only fuel inputs and labor  hours for weeding and harvesting as generally accepted, but  also managerial labor such as bookkeeping and meeting, and  materials such as fertilizers and pesticides probably due  to the substitution effects from labor. The range of  fragmentation's impacts is spread beyond our scope. This  result implies that the settlement of fragmentation will  bring not only the reduction of production cost but also an  environmental benefit by reducing fertilizers and  pesticides.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/242126},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.242126},
}