The aim of the study was to present the use of the productive potential of agriculture in Lublin province against the country. The analysis was conducted between 2010 and 2013. It was found that the Lublin province is one of the main centers of agricultural output in Poland, and production capacity in the region is used at a low level. This is mainly due to the fact a large fragmentation of farms, improper structure of agricultural output and agrotechnical level.