The analysis of the competitiveness of the Polish and German in mutual trade in agri-food products showed that Germany has for years been the most important partner of Polish trade in agri-food products. Polish accession to the EU intensified trade between partners and strengthened the competitive position of Polish food producers on the German market. Since 2005, Polish agri-food products have a growing comparative advantage in the German market while RCA indicators for Germany are still less than 1. Poland still plays a relatively minor role in the German agri-food trade. It seems, that sales on the German market is still a chance of development for Polish food producers.