@article{Tégla:229426,
      recid = {229426},
      author = {Tégla, Zsolt},
      title = {ECONOMIES OF SCALE VEGETABLE FORCING THE UTILIZATION OF  GEOTHERMAL ENERGY},
      journal = {Journal of Central European Green Innovation},
      address = {2015},
      number = {1063-2016-86252},
      series = {3},
      pages = {12},
      year = {2015},
      abstract = {One of the highest costs of vegetable forcing is energy  including heating energy, whose rate can reach up to 25-35%  of the total production costs. Our dependence on the import  of fossil energy puts enterprises involved in vegetable  forcing into a vulnerable position. With the utilization of  domestic green energy and thermal energy this dependence  could significantly be reduced. Hungary’s geothermal  features in the region are excellent, the energetic  utilisation of thermal water is suitable for heating modern  horticulture greenhouses. However, due to the high  investment costs primarily economies of scale plants are  viable, which are also economical to operate from a  logistical point of view. Hydroculture vegetable forcing  offers excellent employment opportunities, allowing  continuous employment, while permitting high incomes in  proportion to farm size and revenue – owing to the  technological intensity and the characteristics of the  products.
Considering the criteria of economies of scale  vegetable forcing it can be stated that it is mainly 3 and  5 -hectare size farms heated with geothermal energy that  are able to achieve a level of operating profit which can  safely form the basis of the development of integrated  hydroculture vegetable forcing. However, because of the  high investment costs of the greenhouse and the geothermal  wells and the technological intensity the  investment/financial as well as the operational/production  risks of these farms increase dramatically. Examining these  risks is a key issue for future large greenhouse and  geothermal investments.
The problems expressed by the  experts concerned the outdated greenhouses that act as  barriers to increase earnings. The success of production is  mainly determined by the climate during vegetable forcing.  The prerequisite for this is to apply the proper  cultivation apparatus which meets the requirements of the  21st century.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/229426},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.229426},
}