@article{Hummels:229253,
      recid = {229253},
      author = {Hummels, David and Munch, Jakob and Xiang, Chong},
      title = {No Pain, No Gain: The Effects of Exports on Job Injury and  Sickness},
      address = {2015-12},
      number = {966-2016-75095},
      pages = {59},
      year = {2015},
      abstract = {We live in a century of globalization and rising  expenditures on health, but little rigorous
research has  been done to understand the impacts of globalization on  individuals’ health. We combine
Danish data on individuals’  health with Danish matched worker-firm data to understand  how increases
in exports by firms affect their employees’  job injuries and sickness during 1995-2006. We find  that
rising exports lead to higher rates of injury and  sickness, mainly for women. A 10% exogenous
increase in  exports increases women’s chance of severe job injury by  6.35%, severe depression, 2.51%,
using antithrombotic  drugs, 7.70%, and hospitalizations due to heart attacks or  strokes, 17.44%. Rising
exports also lead to higher work  efforts by both men and women: less minor sick-leave days  and more
total hours (regular plus over-time). During the  2007-2009 recession, Danish exports and on-the-job
injuries  fell significantly. An out-of-sample prediction using our  estimates accounts for 12%- 62% of
the actual decrease in  job injury counts in this period. Finally, we develop a  framework to calculate the
contemporaneous welfare losses  due to higher rates of multiple types of injury and  sickness, and show
that for the average male and female  worker, the welfare loss from the adverse health outcomes  is
substantial but small relative to the wage gains from  rising exports (4.16% for men but 18.83% for
women).},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/229253},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.229253},
}