The genetic contribution and economic impacts of exotic germplasm (particularly IRRI’s and Japan’s material) to China’s rice production are studied based on the analysis of varieties’ pedigree information from 16 major rice producing provinces in China during 1982-2011. The results indicated that the exotic germplasm, especially those coming from the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and Japan contributed greatly to China’s rice production and varietal improvement efforts. IRRI is the biggest contributors to China rice production, the average contribute rate reach 16.3% in 30 years. The contribution to china rice production increase gradually during the 1980s’, it reached its peak 23.59% in 1990 then declined gradually over the years that followed. The trend of Japanese varieties manifests a steady share since 1992. And their overall importance shows no sign of fading. The policy implication means that government should encourage breeders to focus more on the use and improvement of exotic germplasm.