@article{Euler:211627,
      recid = {211627},
      author = {Euler, Michael and Schwarze, Stefan and Siregar, Hermanto  and Qaim, Matin},
      title = {Oil palm expansion among smallholder farmers in Sumatra,  Indonesia},
      address = {2015},
      number = {1008-2016-79898},
      pages = {26},
      year = {2015},
      abstract = {Many tropical regions experience a rapid expansion of oil  palm, causing massive land use
changes and raising serious  environmental and social concerns. Indonesia has recently  become
the largest palm oil producer worldwide. While much  of the production in Indonesia comes from
large-scale  plantations, independently operating smallholders are  increasing in importance and
may dominate production in the  future. In order to control the process of land use change,  the
micro level factors influencing smallholder decisions  need to be better understood. We use data
from a survey of  farm households in Sumatra and a duration model to analyze  the patterns and
dynamics of oil palm adoption among  smallholders. In addition to farm and  household
characteristics, village level factors determine  oil palm adoption significantly. Independent
smallholders  adopt oil palm especially in those villages that also have  contracts and out-grower
schemes, leading to a regional  path-dependency of former government policies.},
      url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/211627},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.211627},
}